Storage Area Networking SAN NAS Fibre Channel iSCSI

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Showing posts with label san interview. Show all posts
Showing posts with label san interview. Show all posts

Monday, January 01, 2007

Interview questions on Fiber Channel & Storage Technology

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Compaq Fibre Channel Storage Array RA4000

Thanks to one of our blog reader Rahman for contributions of below interview questions on fiber channel.
1.WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF FIBRE CHANNEL SANS?

Fibre Channel SANs are the de facto standard for storage networking in the corporate data center because they provide exceptional reliability, scalability, consolidation, and performance. Fibre Channel SANs provide significant advantages over direct-attached storage through improved storage utilization, higher data availability, reduced management costs, and highly scalable capacity and performance.


2.WHAT ENVIRONMENT IS MOST SUITABLE FOR FIBRE CHANNEL SANS?

Typically, Fibre Channel SANs are most suitable for large data centers running business-critical data, as well as applications that require high-bandwidth performance such as medical imaging, streaming media, and large databases. Fibre Channel SAN solutions can easily scale to meet the most demanding performance and availability requirements.

3.WHAT CUSTOMER PROBLEMS DO FIBRE CHANNEL SANS SOLVE?

The increased performance of Fibre Channel enables a highly effective backup and recovery approach, including LAN-free and server-free backup models. The result is a faster, more scalable, and more reliable backup and recovery solution. By providing flexible connectivity options and resource sharing, Fibre Channel SANs also greatly reduce the number of physical devices and disparate systems that must be purchased and managed, which can dramatically lower capital expenditures. Heterogeneous SAN management provides a single point of control for all devices on the SAN, lowering costs and freeing personnel to do other tasks.

4.HOW LONG HAS FIBRE CHANNEL BEEN AROUND?

Development started in 1988, ANSI standard approval occurred in 1994, and large deployments began in 1998. Fibre Channel is a mature, safe, and widely deployed solution for high-speed (1Gb, 2Gb, 4Gb) communications and is the foundation for the majority of SAN installations throughout the world.


5.WHAT IS THE FUTURE OF FIBRE CHANNEL SANS?

Fibre Channel is a well-established, widely deployed technology with a proven track record and a very large installed base, particularly in highperformance, business-critical data center environments. Fibre Channel SANs continue to grow and will be enhanced for a long time to come.The reduced costs of Fibre Channel components, the availability of SAN kits, and the next generation of Fibre Channel (4Gb) are helping to fuel that growth. In addition, the Fibre Channel roadmap includes plans to double performance every three years

6.WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF 4GB FIBRE CHANNEL?

Benefits include twice the performance with little or no price increase, investment protection with backward compatibility to 2Gb, higher reliability due to fewer SAN components (switch and HBA ports) required, and the ability to replicate, back up, and restore data more quickly. 4Gb Fibre Channel systems are ideally suited for applications that need to quickly transfer large amounts of data such as remote replication across a SAN, streaming video on demand, modeling and rendering, and large databases. 4Gb technology is shipping today.


7.HOW IS FIBRE CHANNEL DIFFERENT FROM ISCSI?

Fibre Channel and iSCSI each have a distinct place in the IT infrastructure as SAN alternatives to DAS. Fibre Channel generally provides high performance and high availability for business-critical applications, usually in the corporate data center. In contrast, iSCSI is generally used to provide SANs for business applications in smaller regional or departmental data centers.

8.WHEN SHOULD I DEPLOY FIBRE CHANNEL INSTEAD OF ISCSI?

For environments consisting of high-end servers that require high bandwidth or data center environments with business-critical data, Fibre Channel is a better fit than iSCSI. For environments consisting of many midrange or low-end servers, an IP SAN solution often delivers the most appropriate price/performance.

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Interview questions series 1
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Saturday, December 16, 2006

Storage Area Networking Jobs Interview Questions

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Fibre Channel Network Adapter Card
(Host Bus Adapter- HBA)

Fibre Channel Cable

FC Cable in comparison with a Serial DB9 Cable

After listing more than 60 interview questions in the previous posts find below some listing of only questions from storage interviews. Answers for the same will be sent only through email if you contribute for this blog. Below questions are contributed by Jai one of the professional working in Real Storage Job who contributed this posting.

1)What is the most critical component in SAN?
2)What is the default id for SCSI HBA?
3)What is parallelism?
4)What do you know about SAN testing?
5)Explain a typical SAN landscape?
6)What is fan-in and fan-out in SAN Virtualization system?
7)How is the interoperability between the server and the storage is achieved?
8)What are the performance metrics of SAN?
9)What do you know about I/O meters , their types and how are the used?
10)What is the equivalent of Address resolution protocol in storage?
11)What is meant by availability & reliability in Storage ?
12)What is Disaster Recovery & how it is implemented in a Storage environment?
13)Example for failover cluster configurations ?
14)What are the needs/advantages of Storage consolidation ?

READ BELOW POSTINGS FOR REMAINING 60+ INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS ON STORAGE JOBS
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Real Interview Questions contributed by blog reader Jai

Hearty thanks to this blog's reader Jai who has contributed more than 58 interview questions from his experience of attending interviews for real company jobs.

I will be posting these questions in the subsequent blog postings - I rally appreciate his initiative and would request all other professionals or whoever - who have the knowledge to share it with the community and help the jobseekers.

1) What is the difference between RAID 0, RAID 1 and RAID 5?

RAID 0 => Plain striping typically with 24kb, 54kb or 128kb stripe size
RAID 1 => Mirroring
RAID 5 => Stripping with parity

2) Describe in brief the composition of FC Frame?
Start of the Frame locator
Frame header (includes destination id and source id, 24 bytes/6 words)
Data Payload (encapsulate SCSI instruction can be 0-2112 bytes in length)
CRC (error checking, 4 bytes)
End of Frame (1 byte)

3) What is storage virtualization?
Storage virtualization is amalgamation of multiple n/w storage devices into single storage unit.

4) What are the protocols used in physical/datalink and network layer of SAN?
a) Ethernet
b) SCSI
c) Fibre Channel

5) What are the types of disk array used in SAN?
a) JBOD
b) RAID

6) What are different types of protocols used in transportation and session layers of SAN?
a) Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP)
b) Internet SCSI (iSCSI)
c) Fibre Channel IP (FCIP)

7) What is the type of Encoding used in Fibre Channel?
8b/10b, as the encoding technique is able to detect all most all the bit errors

8) How many classes of service are available in Fibre Channel?
7 Classes of service

9) What are the main constrains of SCSI in storage networking?
a) Deployment distance (max. of 25 mts)
b) Number of devices that can be interconnected (16)

10) What is a Fabric?
Interconnection of Fibre Channel Switches

11) What are the services provided by Fabric to all the nodes?
a) Fabric Login
b) SNS
c) Fabric Address Notification
d) Registered state change notification
e) Broadcast Servers

12) What is the difference between LUN and WWN?
LUN: unique number that is assigned to each storage device or partition of the storage that the storage can support.
WWN: 64bit address that is hard coded into a fibre channel HBA and this is used to identify individual port (N_Port or F_Port) in the fabric.

13) What are the different topologies in Fibre Channel?
a) Point-to-Point
b) Arbitrary Loop
c) Switched Fabric Loop

14) What are the layers of Fibre Channel Protocol?
a) FC Physical Media
b) FC Encoder and Decoder
c) FC Framing and Flow control
d) FC Common Services
e) FC Upper Level Protocol Mapping

15) What is zoning?
Fabric management service that can be used to create logical subsets of devices within a SAN. This enables portioning of resources for management and access control purpose.

16) What are the two major classification of zoning?
Two types of zoning are
a) Software Zoning
b) Hardware Zoning

17) What are different levels of zoning?
a) Port Level zoning
b) WWN Level zoning
c) Device Level zoning
d) Protocol Level zoning
e) LUN Level zoning


18) What are the 3 prominent characteristics of SAS Protocol?
a) Native Command Queuing (NCQ)
b) Port Multiplier
c) Port Selector

19) What are the 5 states of Arbitrary Loop in FC?
a) Loop Initialization
b) Loop Monitoring
c) Loop arbitration
d) Open Loop
e) Close Loop

20) How does FC Switch maintain the addresses?
FC Switch uses simple name server to maintain the mapping table

Storage Area Network and Network Attached Storage

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